Here’s a comprehensive exploration of Kerala’s biodiversity

wild animals of kerala

Today, we will explore the wildlife of Kerala and why one must discover the wild animals of Kerala

Kerala, popularly known as “God’s Own Country,” is a treasure trove of rich biodiversity in addition to being a sanctuary for breathtaking scenery and peaceful backwaters. This coastal state is tucked away in India’s southwest. It is home to a wide variety of untamed creatures that wander its verdant woods, colorful marshes, and scenic mountains. Kerala’s natural landscapes depict a diverse range of wildlife, including the regal Indian elephant and the elusive Bengal tiger.

Kerala is home to several well-known wildlife reserves that house uncommon and exotic plant and animal species. 

There are two tiger reserves and fourteen wildlife sanctuaries in Kerala. They are nestled in the intricate jungle of the spectacular Western Ghats or Sahyadri Ranges. Kerala boasts six national parks that house endangered and protected species like the Nilgiri Tahr, Indian Bison, Bengal Tiger, Indian Sloth-Bear, and Lion-Tailed Macaque.

The Periyar Elephants:

The Indian elephant is one of the most recognizable images of Kerala’s natural heritage. Elephants are a thriving species in the Western Ghats, namely in the Periyar National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary. Visitors can witness these gentle giants’ magnificent presence in the wild as the sanctuary’s vast expanse. It provides them with a natural habitat. Elephants are fascinating subjects for both wildlife enthusiasts and environmentalists because of their close-knit social structures and ecological significance.

Lions in the Shadows:

Kerala is blessed with a sizable Bengal tiger population living in its protected regions. Two important areas of protection for these amazing predators are the Parambikulam Tiger Reserve and the Silent Valley National Park. Wildlife lovers go from all over the world to see tigers in the wild, despite their elusive nature. To ensure the survival of these apex predators in Kerala’s forests, conservation efforts- including anti-poaching measures and habitat preservation- are essential.

Extravaganza Aviana:

Along with wild animals in Kerala, you can also explore Kerala’s bird species. The bright colors and beautiful sounds of Kerala’s resident birds fill the sky. The state is home to a wide variety of bird species. It includes the magnificent Malabar trogon and the critically endangered Indian vulture. With its vibrant collection of avian marvels, the Thattekad Bird Sanctuary is also known as “Bird Watcher’s Paradise,”. It attracts ornithologists and bird watchers. Kerala is an important stopover for migrating birds on their yearly treks because of its wetlands and forests, which offer vital homes for these species.

Mangroves and Sanctuary for Crocodiles:

Estuarine crocodiles find refuge in the complex web of backwaters and mangrove habitats that make up Kerala. Several protection zones, including the Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, safeguard the ecosystems vital to the survival of these extinct reptiles. We examine the intricate balance of mangrove ecosystems and discuss how important these places are to maintaining biodiversity and sustaining the way of life for nearby inhabitants.

The Mysterious Nilgiri Tahr

The Nilgiri tahr is an indigenous ungulate species of the Western Ghats, found in the hilly regions of Kerala. Eravikulam National Park, which lies in the Idukki district, is a crucial habitat for the preservation of this endangered species. As we piece together the history of the Nilgiri tahr, we learn more about the difficulties they encounter and the conservation efforts made to ensure their future. 

Marine Superstars:

Kerala has more than 580 kilometers of coastline, which provides a rare combination of marine and terrestrial biodiversity. Various species can be found in marine areas. For example, the critically endangered Olive Ridley turtles and the joyful Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins. Protecting nesting places, enforcing fishing regulations, and maintaining the delicate balance of marine life that supports local populations and wild animals of Kerala are the main goals of conservation activities in coastal areas.

Obstacles and Preservation:

Despite several challenges like poaching, habitat degradation, and human-animal conflict, Kerala is dedicated to protecting its wildlife. The essay looks at the several conservation programs that are in place, including technology-driven monitoring systems, community-based conservation methods, and eco-friendly travel strategies. Conversations with specialists and conservationists illuminated the cooperative endeavors required to tackle these obstacles and guarantee the enduring survival of Kerala’s native fauna.

Responsible travel and ecotourism:

Kerala has embraced ecotourism as a way to preserve its natural heritage and encourage sustainable development. The essay explains how ethical travel might help promote awareness among visitors and support conservation efforts. We explore ecotourism programs that support local communities’ economic growth and environmental preservation, such as guided wildlife safaris, nature paths, and community-based tourism.

  1. Periyar National Park: It is a vast park that is home to a diverse range of Kerala animals such as deer, tigers, lions, and elephants. To observe the creatures in their native environment, visitors may enjoy boat trips on Periyar Lake.
  2. Eravikulam National Park: Only located in the Western Ghats, this high-altitude park is home to the critically endangered Nilgiri tahr, a mountain goat. Hikers may track these elusive creatures around the park.
  3. Silent Valley National Park: The rich rainforest of Silent Valley National Park is home to several rare and endangered species. It includes the Malabar tree frog, the lion-tailed macaque, and the Nilgiri langur.
  4. Begur Wildlife Sanctuary: Sloth bears, tigers, leopards, and elephants are among the many species that call this sanctuary home. Visitors can go on safari in jeeps to explore the wild animals of Kerala. 
  5. Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary: The Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary is home to a wide range of Kerala animals, including sambar deer, tigers, leopards, and elephants. To observe the wildlife, visitors may go on car safaris and trekking tours within the sanctuary.
Conclusion

This page provides a thorough overview of the region’s varied wildlife, including lesser-known Kerala animals that are essential to preserving the delicate balance of the region’s ecosystems as well as the famous elephants and tigers. We seek to encourage a shared commitment to protecting the abundant biodiversity that makes Kerala a veritable paradise for environment lovers and wildlife enthusiasts by recognizing the difficulties and applauding the conservation achievements.

294 thoughts on “Here’s a comprehensive exploration of Kerala’s biodiversity

  1. I highly advise to avoid this site. My personal experience with it was purely dismay along with suspicion of scamming practices. Proceed with extreme caution, or better yet, find a trustworthy service to meet your needs.

  2. I highly advise stay away from this platform. My personal experience with it was nothing but disappointment along with suspicion of fraudulent activities. Exercise extreme caution, or better yet, seek out an honest service to fulfill your requirements.

  3. I urge you steer clear of this site. My own encounter with it was nothing but disappointment along with concerns regarding scamming practices. Proceed with extreme caution, or better yet, look for a more reputable site to fulfill your requirements.

  4. I urge you steer clear of this platform. My own encounter with it was only dismay and suspicion of scamming practices. Exercise extreme caution, or alternatively, seek out an honest site to meet your needs.

  5. I strongly recommend to avoid this platform. The experience I had with it was nothing but dismay as well as concerns regarding scamming practices. Proceed with extreme caution, or alternatively, find a trustworthy service to fulfill your requirements.

  6. I highly advise to avoid this platform. My personal experience with it was nothing but dismay and suspicion of scamming practices. Exercise extreme caution, or better yet, seek out an honest platform to fulfill your requirements.

  7. I strongly recommend stay away from this site. My own encounter with it has been purely frustration as well as suspicion of fraudulent activities. Proceed with extreme caution, or better yet, look for a trustworthy site for your needs.

  8. I urge you steer clear of this platform. The experience I had with it was nothing but dismay as well as concerns regarding fraudulent activities. Proceed with extreme caution, or alternatively, seek out a trustworthy site for your needs.

  9. I highly advise to avoid this platform. My personal experience with it has been only frustration as well as suspicion of fraudulent activities. Exercise extreme caution, or even better, look for a trustworthy site for your needs.

  10. I urge you to avoid this site. My own encounter with it was nothing but disappointment along with suspicion of fraudulent activities. Be extremely cautious, or even better, find an honest service to meet your needs.I urge you stay away from this platform. My personal experience with it was purely dismay and concerns regarding fraudulent activities. Proceed with extreme caution, or better yet, seek out a more reputable site to meet your needs.

  11. I highly advise stay away from this site. My personal experience with it has been purely dismay and suspicion of scamming practices. Exercise extreme caution, or alternatively, seek out an honest service to meet your needs.

  12. I highly advise steer clear of this platform. My personal experience with it has been only frustration and suspicion of scamming practices. Proceed with extreme caution, or better yet, find a trustworthy platform for your needs.

  13. I urge you stay away from this platform. My own encounter with it was nothing but dismay and concerns regarding scamming practices. Proceed with extreme caution, or alternatively, find an honest service to meet your needs.

  14. I highly advise to avoid this platform. My own encounter with it was purely frustration along with concerns regarding fraudulent activities. Proceed with extreme caution, or even better, look for an honest platform to fulfill your requirements.

  15. I urge you stay away from this site. My personal experience with it was only dismay as well as suspicion of fraudulent activities. Be extremely cautious, or alternatively, seek out a trustworthy platform to fulfill your requirements.

  16. I highly advise to avoid this platform. My own encounter with it was nothing but disappointment as well as concerns regarding scamming practices. Exercise extreme caution, or alternatively, look for an honest service for your needs.

  17. I strongly recommend stay away from this platform. My own encounter with it has been nothing but disappointment and concerns regarding deceptive behavior. Proceed with extreme caution, or even better, find a more reputable platform to fulfill your requirements.

  18. We are a group of volunteers and opening a new scheme in our community. Your web site provided us with valuable information to work on. You have done an impressive job and our whole community will be thankful to you.

  19. https://www.datingwise.com/review/flirt.com/

    Flirt.com is for adults looking for fun, flirty encounters rather than serious dating. The site is aimed at the younger crowd, though there are older members there and some seeking longer term relationships. It offers free membership for women, while men can join for free but must pay for additional services such as email.
    Flirt has been recently revamped and is designed for people looking for casual dating. Most people there are in their twenties and early thirties, though there is no upper age limit. It’s owned by the Cupid Dating network and caters mostly to members in the UK, the U.S. and Australia, though membership is open to anyone.
    Flirt is “spicier” than your regular dating site – don’t expect to find your next significant other there.
    Naughty mode
    This site is designed to have a light, fun feel to it. It is not intended to be an “adult” site, though there is some mature content. Most adult content can be blocked by switching-off “naughty mode” (the initial setting).
    This will hide any images that are explicit. Flirt is a worth a look if you are single and looking to meet new people and have a little fun. Those looking for more serious relationships would probably be better off looking elsewhere.
    Features
    Flirt.com is feature rich, offering email, message boards, chat rooms, member diaries, videos as well as basic flirts and emails. Flirt has a dedicated mobile site for those wanting access their matches on the go. They also sponsor speed dating and other live events for those who want to meet someone in person.
    Membership
    Women have access to all features of for free. Men can join for free, but will need a paid membership in order to use some features of the site. Despite being free for women there is still a very high proportion of male users.
    Flirt ist ok. A few fake profiles (like everywhere), a few cam girls (like everywhere) and a few scammers (like everywhere) but generally the site seems to be real. Personally prefer because i’ve actually hooked up twice using it, but just wanted to try somethin’ new so decided to give Flirt a chance.
    Avatar
    topiJuly 11th, 2017
    Useless
    Not worth it. I had no luck on this site after six months.
    Avatar
    freedFebruary 8th, 2017
    Just average
    how do i join?
    Avatar
    ChrisOilSeptember 12th, 2016
    Recommended
    Though it’s a casual site, I met my love here. So everything’s in your hands. Try, you won’t lose anything.
    Avatar
    Paul87July 18th, 2016
    Above average
    Good site for flirting and one night stands! Unfortunately one day this won’t be enough for you and flirt cannot offer you something serious.
    Avatar
    Craig8686904June 21st, 2016
    Recommended
    I’m really glad that a friend of mine gave me the advice to register on Flirt to make my life more spicy. I wasn’t really going to have anything more than just a naughty chat but it turned out that there’s a nice lady in mt city who’s willing to date with me. I’m freaking happy now
    Avatar
    Chris53June 13th, 2016
    Recommended
    Though it’s a casual site, I met my love here. So everything’s in your hands. Try, you won’t lose anything.
    Avatar
    RobertGreen84June 8th, 2016
    Above averag
    Cute looking site like many others however only here I’ve had 5 dates within 3 weeks after the start. Also I should note that flirt sometimes really hard to use and it’s taking some time to feel yourself comfortable during usage of it and actually it’s not because of gliches or something simply the pictures of buttons are obvious so sometimes you can find yourself on the page you haven’t wanted to open. However I should admit that in the end it worth all the troubles in the start.
    Avatar
    JohnMApril 13th, 201
    Avoid
    This site is bull****, it’s a total scam, the profiles of women are not even real they are all fake, when you create a profile and it becomes active they suck you in by sending you lots of messages and winks from so called women which are not even real and don’t actually exist and because you can’t read the messages as an unpaid member to be able to read the messages you have to subscribe and pay for a membership then once you do that and you respond to the messages you don’t get a reply back.
    It’s a con, warning to other people out there do not join this site.
    Avatar
    Michael_4302January 15th, 201
    Useless
    This site claims that singles are in your area, but in truth that they live elsewhere. I had received a lot of mail from people that the site claimed were in my area, but they actually lived far away. Beware of scammers as well, I have found quite a bit of them on this whose profiles seemed to be processed quickly since their information is available. However, those members who may actually be real usually have the contents of their profile information pending. I’ve seen a lot of scam activity on this site and very little actual people.

  20. I’m still learning from you, but I’m trying to achieve my goals. I absolutely liked reading everything that is posted on your website.Keep the tips coming. I enjoyed it!

  21. В Группе Компаний “ГК Август” вы можете купить или продать станки и оборудование. Мы также предлагаем капитальный и средний ремонт станков.

  22. Excellent post. I was checking continuously this blog and I am impressed! Extremely helpful information specially the last part 🙂 I care for such information much. I was seeking this particular info for a long time. Thank you and best of luck.

  23. 120 Flirt com Reviews | flirt.com @ PissedConsumer
    Flirt com has 120 reviews (average rating 1.1). Consumers say: Unauthorized money taken out of my account, It’s a $1.99 for one day drive I paid it you all took $5.99 out of my account two times and then took a extra $23.31 out of my account this is outrageous I did not ask for that I want my money… Flirt com has 1.1 star rating based on 41 customer reviews. Consumers are mostly dissatisfied Rating Distribution 95% negative 2% positive Pros: Everyone is fake, I have no idea, I-o nu folosesc. Cons: Scamming, All fake profile there, All kind. Recent recommendations regarding this business are as follows: “Don’t activate anything on this fake, fony and complicated site app.”, “Nothing to recommend at this stage”, “Do not use this site”, “Don’t pay for this scam it’s a SCAM”, “Do not have any type of business with this fraudulent company”. Most users ask Flirt com for the refund as a solution to their issues. Consumers are not pleased with Discounts and Special Offers and Diversity of Products or Services. The price level of this organization is high according to consumer reviews.They charged my debit card without authorization and continuously stated that it was 100% free, regardless of how I searched. This was unprofessional. I was very disappointed in every site I went to, stating that it was free.They took money in m’y bank account when.im.not on this site since febuary,i canceld and they took 47.90$ I wanna talk to.someone but when i call number not Unauthorized money taken out of my account It’s a $1.99 for one day drive I paid it you all took $5.99 out of my account two times and then took a extra $23.31 out of my account this is outrageous I did not ask for that I want my money back in Updated by user Jan 21, 2024
    You can just take money out of those people’s account without them giving you permission to I want my money back I was only supposed to send me one dollar 99 cent no more no less I want my money thank you Original review Jan 21, 2024 False promotion you made me pay $36 for something that I thought I was paying $99 sent for for one day I did not want it for longer than one day I was just being curious and you stole everything in my account and I want it back thank you for understanding and putting my belongings back to the rightful beneficiary I’m trying to Deactivate this account. Every number you call is not on service. That tells a person automatically this is a *** company. Good thing I didn’t pay. Nonetheless, Unsubscribe me, Deactivate/Disqualify my account at once! Crazy part is, they know exactly what they’re doing! Pretending not to pay a person any mind. Don’t send me any emails, text messages, etc. Except to communicate that my account is done for. Thank you for your anticipated cooperation. You Bums! Preferred solution: Deactivate/Delete/Disqualify my account and picture. Do not use my private information at all. User’s recommendation: Don’t activate anything on this fake, fony and complicated site app. They charged my debit card without authorization and continuously stated that it was 100% free, regardless of how I searched. This was unprofessional. I was very disappointed in every site I went to, stating that it was free.This company is a scam they told me to pay $199 for a one-day pass and they charged me $5.99 two times and 23.31 time that’s $35 you cannot take money out of people’s account without telling them I ag I would like for my whole refund to be put back into my cash app account y’all had no reason and no business taking $35 out of my account and I only subscribe for $1.99 y’all took $5.99 out of my account two times in $23.31 out of my account once this is uncalled for and unnecessary and it is bad promotion please return my property back to the rightful beneficiary thank you Attempting to debit me after several messages that i dont have knowledge about the platform
    May 24, 2024 I lost my cross bag containing my phone, ATM card and some valid ID card about two months ago or there about. When I eventually find it, I discovered that flirttender.com has been making attempt to debit me. I sent severally messages that I don’t know what the platform is all about neither do I have knowledge about it but to no avail. This debit attempt is getting much and I will like you to unsubscribe me or remove my bank information from your platform and please stop the attempt of debiting me. I never initiated this and I don’t know who use my Information for that purpose. Please, kindly do something to stop this. Kindly find the account details; 535522****694369 Moses Oyinloye Chatting but no actions . Stay away. ,…andmd….h&huhhhhhygfffdddfcfdffcffddrdddzddddxddddr c d dr Pros Too much chat with paid texters
    Cons: Too much chat with paid texters Preferred solution: Full refund My teenage son, I got my card and used it on this site.I called him and asked him to please.Uh, refund me my money and to take my card off of this site.They did, and now they’re trying to charge my card again.For a monthly fee This site needs to be shut down and the police need to be involved in this this is ridiculous. This site is a scam I am being charged every month since I have used Flirty.com a couple of months ago. All I was paying for were credits to chat with other customers.I never knew that they were going to charge me a monthly service. What is the service for? All I needed were credits to use their services. So why are they charging me $12.99 a month? I’m not getting any credits for it. If that’s not included, then what is the $12.99 monthly charge for? I tried to call them today, and the phone number 888-884-**** is no longer in service. How can I get my credit card company to stop paying for this monthly charge that I didn’t sign up for? Preferred solution: I want my subscription cancel asap. I have no money in my account, but they are still allowed to charge me ? I have been trying to cancel the prescription for this site for 4 days the number that they give me the 884 **** does not work I’ve been trying to cancel it either saying you’re going to keep billing me I want to cancel the subscription but it just will not allow me to cancel it I talked to a consumer representative they said they were going to cancel it but they said they were going to give me a free month I said I didn’t need it but they said it’s free just use it we’re sorry about the inconvenience now I can’t I’m getting billed again for it I need to cancel this thing I’m not going to keep paying you guys man I’m not going to do it Needed to talk about £250 withdrawn from ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND, without my permission Took money without any explanation and I sent you an email that I wanted to cancel everything with you please cancel everything and delete my account I sent an email two days ago that I wanted to cancel everything and some how today I woke up and saw that you took money from my bank account with my right I want you to cancel the transaction you took and cancel everything I have on your page because I wanted from the first day to cancel everything so play CANCEL EVERYTHING I DONT WANNA SEE ANYTHING TAKING FROM MY CARD FROM YOUR COMPANY OR ELSE I WILL MAKE TO TELL MY LAWYER SND MAKE SOMETHING FROM REAL PLEASEEEEE CANCEL EVERYTHING WITH MY ACCOUNT

  24. I like what you guys are up also. Such smart work and reporting! Carry on the excellent works guys I’ve incorporated you guys to my blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my website 🙂

  25. I just could not leave your website prior to suggesting that I really enjoyed the standard info an individual supply in your visitors? Is gonna be again incessantly to check up on new posts.

  26. I’m still learning from you, as I’m trying to achieve my goals. I absolutely love reading all that is written on your blog.Keep the aarticles coming. I liked it!

  27. What does the Lottery Defeater Software offer? The Lottery Defeater Software is a unique predictive tool crafted to empower individuals seeking to boost their chances of winning the lottery.

  28. Hello, i read your blog from time to time and i own a similar one and i was just curious if you get a lot of spam remarks? If so how do you stop it, any plugin or anything you can advise? I get so much lately it’s driving me insane so any help is very much appreciated.

  29. What Is Sugar Defender? Sugar Defender is a meticulously crafted natural health supplement aimed at helping individuals maintain balanced blood sugar levels. Developed by Jeffrey Mitchell, this liquid formula contains 24 scientifically backed ingredients meticulously chosen to target the root causes of blood sugar imbalances.

  30. I think this is one of the most significant info for
    me. And i’m glad reading your article. But wanna remark on some general things, The
    website style is ideal, the articles is really nice : D. Good
    job, cheers

  31. An interesting discussion is worth comment. I think that you should write more on this topic, it might not be a taboo subject but generally people are not enough to speak on such topics. To the next. Cheers

  32. Hello there, I discovered your blog by the use of Google even as looking for a related topic, your web site came up, it appears to be like good. I’ve bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.

  33. I¦ll immediately seize your rss feed as I can’t find your e-mail subscription hyperlink or newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Please allow me know in order that I may just subscribe. Thanks.

  34. What i don’t realize is in truth how you’re not actually
    a lot more neatly-appreciated than you might be right now.
    You’re so intelligent. You realize therefore considerably in the case
    of this matter, made me individually consider it
    from so many varied angles. Its like men and women are
    not interested until it’s one thing to do with Lady gaga!

    Your personal stuffs outstanding. All the time handle it up!

  35. Do you mind if I quote a few of your articles as long as I provide credit and
    sources back to your site? My blog is in the very same niche as yours and my users would really
    benefit from a lot of the information you provide here.
    Please let me know if this okay with you.
    Thank you!

  36. I really like your writing style, excellent info, appreciate it for putting up :D. “Your central self is totally untouched By grief, confusion, desperation.” by Vernon Howard.

  37. Hey there! This is my first comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and say I genuinely enjoy reading through your posts. Can you suggest any other blogs/websites/forums that deal with the same topics? Thanks!

  38. In the recent occasions, Nepal has change into the most well-liked
    trekking destination on this planet. Before everything need is to
    book one of the best package deal from reliable and known trekking firm.
    If you happen to need every article of clothing to serve a number of roles in your wardrobe, keep on with a
    traditional indigo wash rather than trendy enzyme or acid washes.
    But Victorian gothic clothing goes past dresses. In fact, this service relies on two fundamental:
    First, a few Swarovski crystals should be real; Secondly, after eradicating the crystalcheap marriage ceremony dresses can’t be destroyed.
    Because the mom of the bride, you play a job in the circulation of the marriage and will participate
    within the rehearsal and the dinner that usually follows.

    I try not to think about it an excessive amount of and simply
    go with the move. Since we’re talking about relationships, how a lot would you say you invest in them?

    I try to look for that, but I would not say that it is a
    huge a part of my search. Nonetheless, this historical past of
    the youngest days of our world and the otherworldly beings who managed it’s
    so horrifying that, in line with Lovecraft,
    reading the book might drive you insane.

  39. Ryan does not have enough cash to make it to pay day, so he decides to take out a payday loan.
    If you don’t have a nursing background, you would possibly
    need to attend a yr-lengthy coaching program. Writing’s not the one method to generate profits
    freelancing, in fact; anyone with graphic design or programming experience
    can discover contract jobs that pay effectively and provide
    challenging work, too.

  40. The creation of National 5 South meant that Surrey three dropped from
    a tier 10 league to a tier 11 league for the years that Nationwide 5
    South was energetic. The introduction of London four South West forward of
    the 2000-01 season meant Surrey 3 dropped to develop into a tier eleven league.
    Grownup Competitive Leagues (National League 1 and beneath) for the 2020-21 season which means Surrey 3 was not contested.

  41. Milligan, Mercedes (January 21, 2022). “‘Completely Spies!’ Are on a Season 7 Mission for 2023”.
    Animation Journal. Milligan, Mercedes (January 31, 2013).
    “Zodiak Seals ‘Spies’ Offers, New COO”. Milligan, Mercedes (September 27, 2013).
    “New ‘Completely Spies!’ Hit North America Shelves”.
    McLean, Tom (August 27, 2014). “Teletoon Units World, Canadian Premieres for Fall”.

    Zodiak France (in French).

  42. Thanks for your personal marvelous posting!

    I certainly enjoyed reading it, you’re a great author.

    I will be sure to bookmark your blog and definitely will come back later
    on. I want to encourage you continue your great posts,
    have a nice day!

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *